Correlation of Spleen Weight with Body Temperature and Cycle Threshold Value of Bali Cattle Given Jembrana Virus Inoculum

Yoga Cahya Mahardika; Pungky Slamet Wisnu Kusuma; Tatang Sopandi

doi:10.62951/habitat.v4i1.280

Authors

Yoga Cahya Mahardika Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
Pungky Slamet Wisnu Kusuma Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
Tatang Sopandi Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62951/habitat.v4i1.280

Keywords:

Bali Cattle, Body Temperature, Cycle Threshold Value, Jembrana Virus, Spleen Weight

Abstract

Beef demand in Indonesia continues to increase, particularly during religious holidays. Bali cattle, one of the main sources of beef, face a serious threat from Jembrana disease, a viral infection that compromises the immune system and causes significant economic losses. This study aimed to determine the correlation between spleen weight, body temperature, and cycle threshold (Ct) values in Bali cattle following Jembrana virus inoculation. A correlational method was applied to eight female Bali cattle injected with Jembrana virus inoculum. Physiological changes in body temperature were monitored, followed by necropsy to assess spleen weight. In addition, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed before and after inoculation to detect viral presence and determine Ct values. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Pearson correlation tests. The results revealed a very strong positive correlation between spleen weight and body temperature, while a very strong negative correlation was observed between spleen weight and Ct values. These findings indicate that Jembrana virus inoculation leads to increased body temperature and splenic enlargement in Bali cattle, accompanied by a decrease in Ct values, reflecting higher viral loads. Therefore, the administration of antipyretics, anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, vitamins, and antibiotics prior to vaccination is recommended to reduce the risk of hyperthermia, splenic swelling, decreased Ct values, and secondary infections.

References

Astawa, N. M., Hartaningsih, N., & Widiyanti, L. P. M. (2016). Pelacakan antigen virus penyakit Jembrana pada limfosit darah tepi dengan antibodi monoklonal. Media Kedokteran Hewan, 22(3), 154–161.

Berata, I. K. (2010). Studi patogenesis penyakit Jembrana sapi Bali berdasarkan karakteristik sel terinfeksi pada jaringan limfoid dan darah tepi. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 2(1), 35–44.

Conti, B., Tabarean, I., Andrei, C., & Bartfai, T. (2004). Cytokines and fever. Frontiers in Bioscience, 9, 1433–1449. https://doi.org/10.2741/1341

Dahdouh, E., Lázaro-Perona, F., Romero-Gómez, M. P., Mingorance, J., & García-Rodriguez, J. (2021). Ct values from SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic PCR assays should not be used as direct estimates of viral load. Journal of Infection, 82(3), 414–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.017

Desport, M., & Lewis, J. (2010). Jembrana disease virus: Host responses, viral dynamics and disease control. Current HIV Research, 8(1), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.2174/157016210790416370

Dutta, D., Naiyer, S., Mansuri, S., Soni, N., Singh, V., Bhat, K. H., Singh, N., Arora, G., & Shahid, M. (2022). COVID-19 diagnosis: A comprehensive review of the RT-qPCR method for detection of SARS-CoV-2. Diagnostics, 12(6), Article 1503. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061503

Eskilsson, A., Mirrasekhian, E., Dufour, S., Schwaninger, M., Engblom, D., & Blomqvist, A. (2014). Immune-induced fever is mediated by IL-6 receptors on brain endothelial cells coupled to STAT3-dependent induction of brain endothelial prostaglandin synthesis. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(48), 15957–15961. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3520-14.2014

Etriwati, Handharyani, E., & Setiyaningsih, S. (2017). Studi histopatologi limpa dan bursa Fabricius ayam berpenyakit tetelo (Newcastle disease) pada kasus lapang. Jurnal Veteriner, 18(4), 510–515. https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.4.510

Firison, J., Salim, A., & Sudarmansyah. (2022). Analisis penyebab penyakit Jembrana pada sapi Bali dan upaya pencegahannya. AGRITEPA, 9(2), 403–410.

Garami, A., Steiner, A. A., & Romanovsky, A. A. (2018). Fever and hypothermia in systemic inflammation. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology (Vol. 157, pp. 565–597). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64074-1.00034-3

Guntoro, T., Wera, E., Ferro, S., & Farlindungan. (2018). Analisis biaya dan manfaat vaksinasi dan pembasmian vektor terhadap penyakit Jembrana di Kabupaten Seluma, Bengkulu. Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI, 1, 495–498.

Hafid, H. (2015). Kajian pertumbuhan dan distribusi daging serta estimasi produktivitas karkas sapi hasil penggemukan (Disertasi doktoral). Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Irwanto, R., Sulistyo, C. W. A., & Irawan, A. J. (2021). Identifikasi virus penyakit Jembrana pada sapi Bali menggunakan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 20(3), 345–348.

Ishak, A., Ramon, E., Efendi, Z., Wulandari, W. A., Firison, J., & Kusnadi, H. (2020). Peran modal sosial dalam pengembangan ternak sapi potong rakyat di Bengkulu. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 8(3), 194–204.

Jose, R. A., Varghese, S. M., Babu, A. S., Mathew, S. K., Thomas, M., & Mathew, R. (2024). A study on the correlation between cycle threshold (Ct) value and clinical severity in patients admitted with COVID-19. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 16(6), 1279–1285.

Lestari, T. A. (2017). Karakteristik karkas dan red offal sapi Bali jantan berdasarkan tingkatan umur yang berbeda (Tesis magister). Universitas Brawijaya.

Mardiatmi, Y., & Sofwan, I. (2015). Pedoman pengendalian dan penanggulangan penyakit Jembrana. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan.

Priyanti, A., & Inounu, I. (2016). Perilaku hara produk peternakan pada hari besar keagamaan nasional. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 14(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v14n2.2016.149-162

Sala, E., Shah, I. S., Manissero, D., Juanola-Falgarona, M., Quirke, A. M., & Rao, S. N. (2023). Systematic review on the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR cycle threshold values and epidemiological trends. Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 12, 749–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00772-7

Sari, W. P. R. S., Suartha, N. I., & Batan, W. I. (2016). Status praesen pedet sapi Bali. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 8(1), 36–43.

Soesanto, M., & Wilcox, G. E. (1999). Pathogenesis of Jembrana disease. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 31(2), 89–102.

Soyi, D. S., & Kusumawati, A. (2019). Respon imun humoral protein rekombinan CA sebagai kandidat vaksin protein virus penyakit Jembrana. Prosiding Simposium Nasional Teknologi Terapan, 4, 320–323.

Stewart, M., Desport, M., Hartaningsih, N., & Wilcox, G. E. (2005). TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-PCR and JDVP26 antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify Jembrana disease virus load. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43(11), 5574–5580. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00644-07

Su, X., Wang, H., Zhou, X., Li, Z., Zheng, B., & Zhang, W. (2018). Jembrana disease virus Vif antagonizes the inhibition of bovine APOBEC3 proteins through ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Virology, 519, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.028

Suherman, D., Purwanto, B. P., Manalu, W., & Permana, I. G. (2013). Model penentuan suhu kritis pada sapi perah berdasarkan kemampuan produksi dan manajemen pakan. Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia, 8(2), 121–138.

Tenaya, I. W. M., Heel, K., Stumbles, P. A., & Wilcox, G. E. (2012). Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subset kinetics in Bali cattle experimentally infected with Jembrana disease virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 149(3–4), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.013

Wilcox, G. E., Kertayadnya, I. G., Hartaningsih, N., Dharma, D. M. N., Dungworth, D. L., & Murphy, B. G. (1992). Evidence for a viral aetiology of Jembrana disease in Bali cattle. Veterinary Microbiology, 33(2–4), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(92)90064-Z